Advances in Solar Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking, Smart Grid Integration, and Cybersecurity Challenges

Kakyegyema Selvan and Ishag Jude

Department of Natural and Applied Science, Kampala International University, Uganda

ABSTRACT

The growing adoption of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems as part of the global shift toward renewable energy is transforming energy networks, particularly when integrated into smart grids. Solar energy’s intermittent nature necessitates advanced Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques for efficient energy extraction. Recent innovations in MPPT, such as AI-based and metaheuristic methods, have improved PV system performance in fluctuating conditions, although they require higher computational resources. The integration of solar PV into smart grids enhances energy efficiency, grid stability, and resilience, utilizing smart meters, energy management systems, and storage solutions. However, this integration introduces cybersecurity vulnerabilities, including data breaches and denial-of-service attacks. To address these challenges, the paper explores cybersecurity measures such as encryption, blockchain, and AI-driven threat detection systems. The study concludes with a call for further research on optimizing MPPT techniques, enhancing grid security, and integrating blockchain for secure energy transactions to support the growth of smart grid systems

Keywords: Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Smart Grids, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Metaheuristic Techniques

CITE AS: Kakyegyema Selvan and Ishag Jude (2025). Advances in Solar Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking, Smart Grid Integration, and Cybersecurity Challenges. INOSR Scientific Research 12(1):17-31. https://doi.org/10.59298/INOSRSR/2025/12.1.1731100