Evaluating Access, Coverage, and Public Acceptance of Typhoid Vaccination Programs: A Comprehensive Review

Maina Mwaura F.

School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda

                                                                                ABSTRACT
Typhoid fever continues to be a significant public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite the availability of effective vaccines. This comprehensive review aims to evaluate the factors influencing the success of typhoid vaccination programs, focusing on access, coverage, and public acceptance. Key barriers to vaccination include logistical challenges, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, limited vaccine availability, and public hesitancy due to misinformation and cultural beliefs. The review highlights the importance of integrating typhoid vaccines into national immunization schedules, strengthening health systems, and addressing public concerns through targeted outreach and community education. By examining global case studies and exploring strategies to improve vaccine uptake, the study provides actionable insights to enhance the effectiveness of vaccination programs and reduce the burden of typhoid fever. The findings emphasize the need for a multipronged approach that addresses both technical and sociocultural factors to optimize the impact of vaccination campaigns.

Keywords: Typhoid fever, vaccination programs, public health, vaccine access, vaccine coverage, public acceptance.

CITE AS: Maina Mwaura F. (2026). Evaluating Access, Coverage, and Public Acceptance of Typhoid Vaccination Programs: A Comprehensive Review. INOSR APPLIED SCIENCES 14(2):93-97.
https://doi.org/10.59298/INOSRAS/2025/14.2.9397